Nordhaus Opportunistic Model Essay Example

Nordhaus Opportunistic Model Essay The general finish of Nordhaus examination is that administrations control the economy to build their constituent outcomes, and be reappointed. This implies expansion might be changed to non-ideal situations to increase open help, and modify joblessness to progressively well known levels. On account of this model the issue made by powerful irregularity (in particular superfluously expanded swelling) is exacerbated as the officeholder party controls the economy so as to remain in office. Notwithstanding the guarantee of this model it has been appeared in exact examinations that its value is restricted Rogoff and Siberts model focuses on the investigation of political spending cycles, with comparable presumptions to that of the past Nordhaus model. Their models shows that there is an isolating balance, with the officeholder picking a positive seigniorage. This prompts all strategy creators separated from the individuals who are inept to mutilate pre political decision financial approaches so their degree of skill is appeared. This prompts the pre political race level of assessment being underneath the effective level and expansion more prominent than ideal. Thusly, this entrepreneurial model, similar to the Nordhaus deft model, predicts that discretionary cycles will prompt expansion rising, intensifying the dynamic irregularity issue (expecting that lawmakers objective is to be reappointed). At the point when the principal divided (ideological) models by Hibbs is analyzed it very well may be seen that like the model by Rogoff and Sibert it is to a greater extent an applied device rather then a full hypothetical investigation. We will compose a custom article test on Nordhaus Opportunistic Model explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom article test on Nordhaus Opportunistic Model explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom article test on Nordhaus Opportunistic Model explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer This model accept that economies are described by desire increased Philips bends, swelling desire is versatile, government officials are not indistinguishable, there are two competitors in each political decision, various voters have various inclinations for expansion and joblessness levels, strategy creators pick instruments deterministically identified with total interest, and the planning of appointment of exogenously fixed. Diagrammatically the ideological contrasts in strategy of right and left wing gatherings can be appeared as beneath: Hibbs Partisan Ideological Model Alesinas model uses indistinguishable suppositions from the customary fanatic model (by Hibbs) expect that Alesina accept that swelling desires are objective. The aftereffect of these accepts are that there is an impetus to expand development more noteworthy than the common degree of work (or yield). This prompts contortions of the work advertise. For instance on the off chance that a work charge is decreased, at that point monetary movement will be more noteworthy than the downplayed full business and genuine wages will rise. The reason of the Alesina divided model can be seen beneath: Alesina Partisan Model The model shows that appointive cycles will worsen the issues cause by powerful irregularity. Exact proof backings the impermanent fanatic impacts on creation and employment4, suggesting that the divided models are suitable for such examination. Generally speaking it tends to be seen that whether sharp or ideological in way, political business cycle hypothesis (regarding discretionary cycles) worsens the issues of higher swelling than could be feasible. This is because of gatherings and lawmakers falsely (and briefly) blowing up the economy to profit by re-appointment for childish force augmenting reasons, or to actualize ideological approaches.

Community Based Participatory Research (CBPR) Evaluation

Network Based Participatory Research (CBPR) Evaluation Utilization of network based participatory research (CBPR) approaches when taking a shot at cooperative undertakings Course name: Social and conduct sciences Prologue TO CBPR: CBPR (people group based participatory research) is fundamentally an aggregate way to deal with look at that fairly remembers all individuals for the assessment procedure and recognizes the un-normal powers that every one brings. Network based participatory research begins with an assessment subject of noteworthiness to the gathering, has the target of joining information with movement and accomplishing social change to better the wellbeing results and expel wellbeing disparities. Network based participatory research is an enlisted aggregate methodology that approves network occupants to all the more vigorously partake in the full scope of research (beginning from origination, plan, direct, assessment, understanding, end, correspondence of results) with a point of influencing reworking in projects or strategies, network wellbeing and frameworks. Network colleagues and scientists accomplice to join perception and action for social revamp to better network wellbeing and all the more frequently diminish wellbeing imbalances. Research/Academic and network individuals join to deliver models and takes after to building limit, trust and correspondence, with the last point of bringing network inclusion up in the examination method. It is an area to look at which similarly remembers all individuals for the examination strategy and recognizes the exceptional forces that everybody brings. Overhauling the general wellbeing all the more regularly requires moving far away the standard social insurance framework to mediate coordinated and unique and new methodologies. CBPR has showed up as a substitute research prime example which consolidates training and social movement to better wellbeing and escalate our logical structure of information in the locales of illness anticipation, wellbeing advancement and wellbeing differences. It is named as a fruitful technique for moving proof based investigations from clinical projects to networks that can for the most part government assistance in this manner updating wellbeing. CBPRs people group booked research methods offer the imminent to create better-edified speculations, upgrade progressively fruitful intercessions, and build up the translation of the assessment results into the training. In this way, CBPR is a significant device for movement situated and network worked general wellbeing assessment. (NIH) Focal points OF CBPR: The upsides of network based participatory research are talked about beneath:- Offering advantages to the analysts and the network the same through the activities taken and information obtained Building up the utilization and adequacy of information Raising the legitimacy and nature of assessment and research considers Making accomplices with different ability to find and convey convoluted general medical issues Expel the social holes and make trust between accomplices The planned to transcript assessment results to coordinate the improvement of future mediations and change in approaches Overhauling the execution and intercession plans by giving member maintenance and enrolment (National establishments of wellbeing) Execution OF CBPR: Nature of research: Writers of meditational contemplates (either CBPR or customary) rottenly should put out their outcome and study disposition in separated articles. The character of CBPR further creates this breaking down when long stretches of enterprise development and collaboration must be refined to little words in brief number of diaries anxious to draw out this increasingly expressive science. This might be the reason in grouping with respect to the exhibition of CBPR, both regarding neighborhood investment and the assessment, regularly was absent in the EPC-checked on articles. A flawed number of studies expressive an outright and completely assessed involvementâ€an observational modification or an epidemiologic discovering that can be far reaching past the individuals involvedâ€have been accessible to date. Limiting variables rise to be the resonating idea of most Federal gracefully, financing period degree and adaptability, and the page edges of diaries. There was little affirmation to assign that high-class scores in neighborhood joint effort are associated with low-quality investigate scores. Late solitary diary issues concentrating on CBPR have driven a digit of distributions to execute top notch look at techniques. CBPR bolster activities beginning with Federal organizations have the inactive to do the equivalent. (Organization for wellbeing, research and quality) Power of Community Involvement: Network cooperation differed in unique phases of the examination. There was durable support in selecting overhaul members, ascertaining and actualizing the interruption, and deciphering end. Numerous scholars contended that society inclusion (especially in these locales) prompts: Higher support cost. Greater outside quality. Decreased loss of procedures. Extended personage and network capability. The issues of network cooperation were not generally revealed, however they may take in: The preamble of choice shamefulness (predisposition in enlistment). Diminished (and at times a nonexistence of) randomization. The conceivable determination of enormously propelled interruption bunches not representative of the more extensive populace. (AHRQ) Difficulties AND PROBLEMS RELATED TO CBPR: Network based participatory research, as a similarly new strategy, presents with sole issues and difficulties for the individuals who are associated with playing out this sort of assessment. These issues identify with execution inside a cross-instructive setting, quality and decency of common organizations, standards, and mechanical issues. Harrisonrecommended the ensuing techniques for fieldworkers who utilize in joined research: Be bendable yet be comfortable with that everybody has limitations Be energetic to cooperate by sharing right, obligation, and wonder for progress. Focus on the genuine ramifications of your exhibition. Apply the idea of culture in every day working affiliations. Inborn in every one of these core values are moves that should be found. In our CBPR venture, we confronted specialized, moral, and relational issues that were identified with this strategy, just as some beneficial difficulties. Some significant issues are recorded beneath: Mindfulness and adaptability Joint effort Moral issues Working inside a human progress other than ones own A promise of time Change can be alarming Legitimacy of the venture (Holkup, 2004) Final products OF CBPR: Research Quality Improved Results: The auditors evaluated the 12 looks into with completed associations for investigate class and for recognition to the belief system of network commitment. On a size of 1 to 3, propelled scores reflected improved quality. The examination quality scores reflected learning plan hardheadedness, with investigational contemplates positioning most noteworthy by and large. Network commitment scores, however, seemed not as quite a bit of firmly aligned with study expect. Furthermore, even as the scores on these two introductions degree are not legitimately equal, the normal investigate quality outcomes ran from 1.5 to 2.7 with a mean of 2.4, simultaneously as the locale interest quality outcomes ran from 1.5 to 3.1 with a mean of 2.3. At the point when the EPC specialists saw the control of network support on the nature of interventional looks into, they uncovered 11 of the 12 closed mediation contemplates had announced improved intercession predominance. Only two analysts revealed improved final products, while eight renowned upgraded enrolment endeavors, four came about improved research strategies and dissemination, and three referenced improved expressive measures. Next to no evidence of expelled look into quality noteworthy from CBPR was come about. Limit of Community and Research: Of the 60 examinations amended, 47 brought about improved network association, along with included award backing and occupation arrangement, as an end associated with the investigation. The writersâ€naturally academicsâ€normally endured on the enhanced capacity of the giver neighborhood, very than that of the follow a line of examination network. Wellbeing End Results: Alongside the 12 examinations inspecting completed contributions that have an influence in wellbeing results, 2 managed physiologic wellbeing final products, three with malignancy screening activities, and four found other social modifications (counting liquor use, vaccination charge, and ensured sex conduct). Finally, 3 investigations determined the effect of the association on contacting backing, strengthening, and individual from staff prosperity. Concurred the profoundly mottled wellbeing results, estimation strategies, and inclusion approaches utilized, the EPC specialists are feeble to follow up on an immediate assessment of studies and their similar contact on wellbeing results. Furthermore, a nonexistence of cost-adequacy realities blocked any judgment of results from CBPR examines and those of increasingly customary research considers. (Wellbeing and Human administrations) Rules OF FUNDING FOR CBPR: Current Approach by Funders: Places for Disease association/evasion and the National association of Environmental Health Sciences have been at the front situation of Federal CBPR money related help to date. Definite activities by these organizations contain a large number of the EPC-explored contemplates. Significance in supporting CBPR at the Federal point is rising, given the ebb and flow development of an interagency operational gathering for Community-based Participatory Research. This gathering has started consolidating data on breathing financing frameworks for CBPR. Meeting with people from the NIH and CDC worked with delivering demands for investigational proposition on exact themes and giving the audit methodology less-scored the requirement for s

Problems of Economic Situation in the US

Problems of Economic Situation in the US Current Macroeconomic Situation in the US Mar 26, 2018 in Economics Challenges Before Economic of the United States Current macroeconomic situation in the United States is not encouraging. Although, the government has undertaken numerous steps to rejuvenate the economy, generally, economy is not performing well. The United States has been experiencing huge economic challenges since 2007 economic downturn. Countrys national debt is increasing steadily. Experts caution that long-term fiscal situation in the US is unsustainable and if urgent measures are not taken, the future generation will be poor and heavily indebted. Contagion of the debt crisis in Greece and current Euro-zone economic impasse only prove that no economy is immune. Therefore, it is apparent that the United States must take urgent fiscal measures that will have long-term and short-term effects to improve the condition of economy and minimize the devastation that may accrue from massive national debt and unemployment (Fiscal Commission, 2010). The United States has numerous economic problems. However, the biggest challenge has always been heavy government spending. Currently, it is estimated that the United States annual budget is $13.4 trillion. This figure represents 24% of the countrys gross domestic product (GDP). This means that the government spends 24% more than the value goods and services generated in the country annually. This situation forces the government to borrow extra revenue to fund its recurrent expenditure. As a result, federal debt has risen drastically and currently stands at 62% of the countrys GDP. Escalation of the countrys debt was attributed to the involvement in Iraq and Afghanistan wars together with the credit crunch (Guell, 2011).

Role Of A Fool Or Jester During Elizabethan Times

The role of a fool or jester during Elizabethan times were to entertain everyone at court, especially the King. The fool would sing, dance, make jokes and make a fool of himself. In Shakespeare’s King Lear, the fool has many roles. When Lear banishes Cordelia from his kingdom, the fool in a way takes on Cordelia s role. He is not only a fool, but through his sarcasm and irony, he becomes the king s loyal advocate by pointing out the king’s shortcomings. The fool is the only one who is able to criticize the king of his shortcomings without consequences and is able to abate the king s behavior. Because the fool follows Lear everywhere, we can say that truth, in a symbolic sense is following Lear everywhere and is by his side. This becomes the reason the Fool operates as a catalyst for Lear s process of self-awareness and gaining wise insight into the world and his place in it. â€Å"Now my friendly knave I thank thee. There s / earnest of thy service. // Let me hire him too, here s my coxcomb† (King Lear: Fool 1.4.91-93). In this scene the fool uses coxcomb as a metonymy device to show that Lear’s division of the kingdom was foolish and Kent’s (disguised as Caius) decision to follow Lear was even more foolish. The fool is the king s advisor, teaching the king lessons without fearing the king s anger. The Fool speaks from the earliest of points that what Lear has done might be wrong. He continually speaks of Lear s real condition, apart from what he might perceive itShow MoreRelatedTouchstone Essay1323 Words   |  6 Pagesand Rosalind flee to the Forest of Arden to escape the tough Elizabethan court, along with some companions to help them make decisions. One character in particular, Touchstone, is shown as a funny and witty jester that can twist an argument and provide a comedic relief from the tense plot of the play. His character has similarities and differences to the typical court jester at the time, and also is relatable to the Shakespearean fool that Shakespeare never fails to include in his comedies. ThroughoutRead MoreTwelfth Night- Literature Cape Unit !7125 Words   |  29 PagesTwelfth Night Criticism William Shakespeare and The Twelfth Night Known for his tragedies, comedies, sonnets and love stories, William Shakespeare is argued to be one of the best writers of his time. Throughout his plays, including The Twelfth Night, he uses disguise and deceit to fool the other characters to benefit another. Shakespeare was born in April of 1564 in the town Stratford-upon-Avon. Although the exact date of his birth is not known, historians traditionally celebrate it on the 23rdRead MoreWisdom in Twelfth Night Essay2738 Words   |  11 Pagesfolly in Twelfth Night. The word fool and its variants (foolery, foolish, and so forth) appear eighty times in the play, and the word folly occurs seven times. There are, in addition, other means of indicating foolishness such as Marias Now, sir, thought is free (1.3.67). As Feste suggests, Foolery ... does walk about the orb like the sun; it shines everywhere (3.1.39-40). Robert Armin, who originated the role of Feste, was fascinated by fools and wrote Foole upon Foole, a bookRead MoreWit and Humor in Shakespeares Twelfth Night1997 Words   |  8 PagesShakespeare is a romantic comedy set in Illyria during the Christmas season. The article analysis is a critique on the elements of folly and foolery in Shakespeare’s twelfth night. As defined in the critique, a fool can be â€Å"a silly or foolish person† or â€Å"one who professionally counterfeits folly for the entertainment of others, a jester, a clown†. In the analysis of the subject in twelfth night, the writer highlights that although Feste is the only professional fool in the play, many others are also subjectRead MoreAnalysis of the Hero in King Lear1454 Words   |  6 Pagesliterary complexities, is surprisingly the least popular of the famous four. In spite of this, it is indefinitely the most talked about. For many this is Shakespeares most profound tragedy, one of the greatest plays ever written in any language at any time. It throws up questions, which remain as perplexing now as they were to Shakespeares earlier critics. And although thoroughly studied, the original story line has remained unchanged for centuries, even though many attempts have been made to alterRead More Tragic Comedy of Tennessee Williams A Streetcar Named Desire1350 Words   |  6 Pagesuncertainty in finding a sole â€Å"view or aspect † in their works. Because of the highly tragic elements encountered in Streetcar, many immediately label it a tragedy. Nevertheless, the immense comical circumstances encountered in the play contradict the sole role of tragedy and leave the reader pondering the true nature of the work, the question being whether it is a tragedy with accidental comic incidences or a comedy with weak melodramatic occurrences. It has been said that the â€Å"double mask of tragicomedyRead MoreComparing and Contrasting the Relationships of Beatrice and Benedick, and Hero and Claudio in Much Ado About Nothing2098 Words   |  9 Pagesa factor of their conversations that continue throughout the play. Their ability to maintain such intelligent sparring is witness to the strong bond that they share. During the masked ball scene, when Benedick doesn’t say who he is, Beatrice starts a rant about how annoying Benedick is- â€Å"He is the Prince’s jester, and a very dull fool.† (2.1.134). This makes the audience immediately think, â€Å"Is this the end of the relationship or is Beatrice covering up her own emotions?† It seems at this point thatRead MoreAuthority versus Truth in Sophocles Antigone and Shakespeares Twelfth Night2444 Words   |  10 Pagesconstitution is in place, the politician needs to take the appropriate measures to maintain it, to introduce reforms when he finds the m necessary, and to prevent developments which might subvert the political system. Aristotles concerns with the role of human nature in politics, the relation of the individual to the state, the place of morality in politics, the theory of political justice and the relevance of ideals to practical politics along with the reasons for political change and revolutionRead More William Shakespeares Use of Song in the Early Comedies3188 Words   |  13 Pagesasleep (II.ii.7), this lullaby serves to advance the plot: during the song the queen not only retires but achieves such slumber as endures undisturbed by King Oberons ensuing mischief. This function resembles that of Let Me the Canakin Clink in Othello II.iii.71-75), explains Seng: not only to establish an atmosphere . . . but to stretch stage-time and make Cassios rapid drunkenness plausible (186). Further, Seng relates, an Elizabethan audience believed that music had actual therapeutic value:

Reflection On Past Experience - 700 Words

Awareness of the outside world is gained through perception. Self awareness is gained through reflection and evaluation of these perceptions. By reflecting on our past experiences, we give ourselves an outside perspective from a more knowledgeable version of ourselves. Reflecting on past experiences can help us better understand oneself by giving us a different perspective on our reality. This theme is demonstrated in â€Å"Marigolds†, William Blake’s â€Å"The Chimney Sweeper†, and Laini Taylor’s Daughter of Smoke and Bone. In â€Å"Marigolds†, when Lizabeth recounts her story about damaging Miss Lottie’s garden, she says: â€Å"Perhaps we had some dim notion of what we were, and how little chance we had of being anything else. Otherwise, why would we have†¦show more content†¦Without this outside perspective, the chimney sweeper keeps his optimistic view of his situation. In â€Å"The Chimney Sweeper† from Songs of Experience, he becomes self aware when he realizes how cruel his world really is. The darker tone of the poem demonstrates this shift in self awareness, gained from reflecting on his naivety in his youth, when the chimney sweeper once thought that â€Å"if he’d be a good boy, he’d have God for his father and never want joy† (Blake 19-20). Once he actually has to face death, he realizes that the contentedness of his childhood was a facade. People also can become self aware at a young age. In Daughter of Smoke and Bone by Laini Taylor, Kaoru, the main character, is able to reflect on her past experiences and come to a discovery about herself by the young age of seventeen. Kaoru grew up attending art school in the city of Prague, with no knowledge of her parents or who she is. She lives with Brimstone, a lion-lizard-human-hybrid, and his two associates, all of which are creatures called chimera. With no recollection of her past and no real home, Kaoru feels alone and incomplete. Her life is as mundane as it can be, considering she lives with three outlandish creatures, until she crosses paths with Akiva, another inexplicable creature from Brimstone’s world. With his arrival, Kaoru is finally able to reflect on her past with the bits and pieces Akiva brings with him. After this reflection and evaluation, KaoruShow MoreRelatedThe Personality Of A Personality Type Is Introverted Intuition : Reflection And Past Experi ences1042 Words   |  5 PagesCAREERS ASSESSMENT RESULT OF PERSONALITY TEST: INTJ REFLECTION AND PAST EXPERIENCES The dominant function of the INTJ personality type is introverted intuition. This has played a crucial role in my (albeit rather short) professional life. Ever since I was a toddler, I wanted to become a veterinarian. All of my actions were carried out primarily with this goal in mind, to the point where it was obsessive. I never considered taking any other career path. Introverted intuition was a large sourceRead MoreReflection On The Word Reflection 701 Words   |  3 PagesFor me the word ‘reflection’ means taking time to really dig deep into my thoughts, to contemplate something meaningful and significant, to make a decision that often involves me and my future. It has a personal and emotional connection. Daudelin (1996) uses the word ‘reflection’ to encourage managers to create time to recognise the value of learning from past and current work situations (‘experience’) and to adapt this learning to new situations. I would prefer to choose the words ‘thought’ or ‘consideration’Read MoreBusiness1053 Words   |  5 PagesSTRATEGIC MARKETING SIMULATION CRITICAL REFLECTION FEEDBACK Definition Reflective learning is an understanding and a disposition that a student builds across the curriculum and co-curriculum, from making simple connections among ideas and experiences to synthesising and transferring learning to new, complex situations within and beyond the campus. Task The Critical Reflection offers students the opportunity to critically reflect on their learning experiences both in the course and across their programRead MoreWilliam Wordsworth Poetry Analysis968 Words   |  4 Pages Individual Powers: Reflection, Imagination, and Feeling gives the poet, William Wordsworth, a chance to reflect upon his life. He writes this renown piece of literature at a time that the world is rapidly changing and shifting. Wordsworth is able to extract himself from hectic society, slow down, and absorb his surroundings while portraying central components of true romantic poetry in his piece. The poem was written toward the end of the 18th century, during the Romantic period. Romanticism emphasizedRead MorePRS Coursework 11224 Words   |  5 PagesGORDON UNIVERSITY MSc. HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT BSM 160: PERSONAL AND RESEARCH SKILLS (FULL TIME) MOIRA BAILEY 1415792 CINDY OMARI WORD COUNT: 1,051 This reflective paper aims at analyzing my learning experience in the Personal and Research Skills module and how these experiences are likely to help both my post graduate study at The Robert Gordon University and my future career. During my post graduate studies at The Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, Personal and Research Skills was oneRead MoreTintern Abbey: Seeing into the Life of Things Essay1301 Words   |  6 PagesWordsworth has been pointing to the power of human memory and reflection. And the importance of memory and reflection are made plain by the shifting time perspectives in the poem. The poem begins with the speaker on the banks of the Wye for the first time in five years. At first the poet emphasizes the way in which his present experience is similar to that of five years ago. More than once he tells us that again; he has certain experiences in this secluded spot, a place that is evidently a refuge forRead MoreReflection: Surgery and Reflective Practice1110 Words   |  5 PagesAnalysis of feelings, evaluation of the experience, analysis to make sense of the experience, conclusion and action plan where other options are considered and reflection upon experience to examine what you would do if the situation arose again (Gibbs 1998). Unlike many other models (with the exception of Boud) Gibbs model takes in to account the realm of feelings and emotions, which played a part in a particular event. My rationale for using the reflection framework to the clinical encounter is toRead MoreThe Good Shepherd And Thomas Groome s Shared Christian Praxis1567 Words   |  7 Pagesmaterial is not designed to lead to abstraction but to the vital knowledge of a concrete Person; it does not lead to the consideration of ideas but to prayer† (Cavalletti, 54). This idea is why, after performing the work, the catechist asks different reflection questions about the parable and the work to invite the children into the work in a new way. Through the Catechesis of the Good Shepherd, the children are formed within a context of love, and this relationship provides a way of seeing the worldRead MoreReflective Reflection Essay999 Words   |  4 Pagesoutcomes. This essay will focus on how reflective practice is critical for professional life, and how the use of reflection and theory can be used by counselling practitioners to inform their practice. Reflective practice is a complex concept and has many alternate definitions and understandings of what reflective practice actually means. By breaking down the two parts and defining reflection as â€Å"serious thought or consideration†, and practice as â€Å"the actual application or use of an idea, belief, orRead MoreFrankenstein1009 Words   |  5 Pagesas humans are all born with a ‘blank slate’ that contains no knowledge whatsoever and that we can only know that things exist if we first experience them through sensation and reflection. In Frankenstein, the monster portrays Locke’s ideas of gaining knowledge perfectly through worldly experience of learning his surroundings. Locke states â€Å"†¦from experience; in that all our knowledge is founded and from that it ultimately derives itself† (Locke 186). He is saying that the only way the human mind

Health Policy Week Free Essays

Could it be that the healthcare system wants the issue to rise because that is how they make their money, or is it because not enough studies or programs exist for those people who have no insurance and can’t get the necessary help they need to attack the problem? This paper will talk about and confront the many problems and concerns of obesity and will depict how the healthcare personnel can address the situation. II. Identifying Patients at Risk A. We will write a custom essay sample on Health Policy Week or any similar topic only for you Order Now Economic despair and the geographic locations play a major part in obesity In America. African Americans are the race that is feeling the oppression of obesity. B. Blacks, those who are middle-aged, and lower-income adults continue to be the groups with the highest obesity rates. The healthcare law could help reduce obesity among low-income Americans if the uninsured sign up for coverage and take advantage of the free obesity screening and counseling that most insurance companies are required to provide under the law (Sharpe, 2013). Ill. Obesity and the Health Policy A. ) Many health officials are offering nutrition advice for obese patients but been proven ineffective at the individual levels. B. Obesity causes many chronic illnesses. Some illnesses include diabetes, high blood pressure, liver diseases, and some form of cancers to name a few. IV. Increased Health Cost Caused by Rising Obesity A. ) Surgeries are being done to assist people with losing weight. Gastric banding and gastric bypass surgery are what personnel are relying on to lose weight and the cost isn’t cheap. B. ) Obesity healthcare cost is staggering in the United Sta tes. Physicians are probably putting the disease on the bottom of their to-do list because that is where they are making their money. How to cite Health Policy Week, Papers

Civil Procedure for Complementary and Dubsidiary -myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theCivil Procedure for Complementary and Dubsidiary. Answer: Involuntary mediation is believed to be an injustice. Court ordered mediations are doing justice by ordering the parties to mediate. Mediation gives genuine benefits but also the courts makes the orders in accordance to overarching obligations of the Civil Procedure Act. The great importance of the Civil Procedure Code in establishing mediation, an agile process and under a principle of speed, is that it will strengthen this peace culture process. Certainly, the person who presents the demand must justify if he / she has gone before to mediation or has tried other means of resolving the dispute with the opposing party. It will determine at least that these systems are used prior to the process and this generalized imposition determines at least two consequences: that they will begin to be processes of normal use by lawyers and that many of the conflicts will no longer reach the courts because they will have previously been deactivated[1]. Alternative mechanisms of conflict resolution -between them, mediation- should be understood as complementary and subsidiary as stipulated in Civil Procedure Act 2010(Vic) s 16. For friendly and cost effective system, mediation is important as it gives desired results without the use of long judicial processes. In Victorian government, the judge can force the parties to enter into a mediation to resolve the dispute in a negotiated manner. The process is still in force far from fulfilling the purposes of any judicial process, has become a normative body full of recesses that far from being the means to achieve effective judicial protection, has become a clear obstacle to the administration of justice. Access to justice is the ability of the judiciary to provide greater accessibility and simpler interpretation of the law. It ensures that vulnerable groups can access justice simpler and easier. The review has proposed four strategies that are key in access to justice[2]. It ensures that there is better provisions of legal information, modernization of services, streamlining of government systems to ensure that the systems are integrated to provide greater efficiency and flexible services for provision of better legal aid. In this case, participants in the drug related case are expected to report to their case managers weekly. It ensures greater accountability and a pillar of support along the path of recovery. The importance of this Code is that it complements this process of modernization. We must remember that after the Criminal Matters, the Civil is the one that most demand in the administration of justice, where the parties come to settle disputes in the area of property before the courts. Through a title or a single acceptance of the recognition of the charge, the judge can assess and rule in favor of the party that requires compliance with the obligation without major cumbersome, bureaucratic and written procedures, but in an expedited process. The usefulness of the mediation, its eventual obligatory nature, the executive merit of the agreements and the draft preliminary draft for the civil procedural reform, are part of the factors that are determined. In conclusion, there should be greater funding of drug related courts which shows the Victorian Government is serious about other alternative dispute resolution mechanism. Steady scaling of resources should be done to allow more participants[3]. References Bevan, Alex, Guy Hollebon and Lucinda Bromfield,Mediation(Thorogood Publishing Limited, 2010) Grossman, Andrzej,Mediation(RIBA-Publ, 2009) Mediation(Canadian Human Rights Commission, 2008) Oesterreicher, Mario,Mediation(Cornelsen, 2013)

Outline and organization of the studying free essay sample

This dissertation on Restorative Justice paradigm in Philemon would be structured into six chapters as thus:i. Chapter one: a general introduction which spotlights the prominent place of the concept Restorative Justice and set the requisite context for articulating the study problem, the purpose of the study, the significance of the study, the delimitation and limitation of the study, the methodology of the study and the definition of operational term in respect to Restorative Justice paradigm in Philemon.ii. Chapter two: will focus on an overview of the History of the Critical Study of Philemon and a critical review of selected literatures focused on the text of Philemon and restorative justice. This review will highlight the methodology employed which is responsible for the interpretive interest and results of some biblical analysis of the text. Consequently, this will be followed by the summary of the concept of Restorative Justice in the New Testament for a general overview. We will write a custom essay sample on Outline and organization of the studying or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page iii. Chapter three: will pay attention to the authorship, historical background, date and place of writing the epistle. Other issues to be considered are the recipients/audience, purpose/message of the epistle and structure, integrity and genre of the text, special issues in relation to the text. The researcher will attempt to present the reality of Pauls situation and world in the first century C. E through historical, external and internal evidences from the epistle.iv. Chapter four: will center on a Socio-Rhetorical exegesis of the text based on a lexical and syntactical outline of the text as it deals with the first century C.E Christians relationship to the imperial Roman situation.v. Chapter five: will assess the research findings in the light of the typification of the research objects informed by the judicial situation of the Graeco-Roman world. The purpose of this will be to determine the paradigm of restorative justice from the text and to articulate how this can complement the penal code criminal justice system in Northern Nigerian. vi. Chapter six will be the summary and the conclusion of the whole study and some recommendations for further study.ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONSThe paradigm of restorative justice though not stated in the text of Philemon, but conceptual framework of the pursuit of social justice do inform the research. Conceptually, the text of Philemon though in respect of a fugitive slave appears to offer a practically effective model of doing justice. This is in contrast to the well-structured administrative procedures and the high cost of seeking legal action. It is not punitive in its outlook but rather peacemaking. In addition, it attempts to rather than respond to violation of laws it provides symbolic and practical solution to actual harms. Offenders, victims as well as the community where the offence is committed are inclusive in the judicial process. Thus it is important therefore to examine labels like this of the text of Philemon that lays claim to the restorative method of doing justice.ASSUMPTIONSThe expectation of this research is premised upon the fact that the text of Philemon promises a paradigm of doing justice that is constructive and positive than the approach to criminal justice that is retributive or punitive. A paradigm that emphasizes the reparation of harm, restoration and reintegration. The core issue here is that this paradigm might not exhaust the possibly necessary components associated with institutionalized restorative justice system. Nevertheless, it opens up avenue to distinguish within a model diverse approaches and forms in addition to range of reasons to pursue the course of justice that is restorative. It also offers the hope that opportunities will be enhanced for victims, offenders and t heir immediate communities.

Ethiopian women vs. canadian essays

Ethiopian women vs. canadian essays Every country has their differences, whether it a matter of opinion or a completely different culture. There are many different aspects that affect as many womens lives as war and famine does. Canadian and Ethiopian women are different through their lifestyles in terms of education, health and marriage. In Canada, education is a very important part of life where all girls have the opportunity to go to school. These girls have the chance to further their education to gain a career of their choice. They grow up knowing that they can have a job in any profession they choose. This is because education is readily available to Canadian girls. And women. In Ethiopia, the availability of education is the opposite of Canadian girls. Girls either do not have the opportunity to go to school, or are made to leave at a very young age. Due to this, the girls and women never learn how to read or write. This also means that women do not have the option of getting a job to be independent. This, again, is unlike Canadian women who can be independent and self-reliant. Education is as old as mankind itself, and a very important aspect to ones life. Institutional learning is a specific human creation and function by which we differ from all other creatures. Yet, not al are receiving this fundamental s ervice. Canadian women are lucky enough to have this luxury we call education, whereas, Ethiopian women do not. This is because of this considerable difference that Canadian and Ethiopian women are contrasted. Another fundamental difference between Canadian and Ethiopian women is the availability of health care. Canadian women have free health care available to them at any time. Women can access the service of getting vaccinations for common diseases, doctors and obtain birth control. According to Statistics Canada, (2002), there are 74,945 Canadian citizens that have a medical degree. Due to the large amounts of doctors in Canada, diseases are n...

Branding and promotion strategies, market segmentation, target Essay

Branding and promotion strategies, market segmentation, target marketing and positioning in international tourism - Essay Example Tourism Australia is a statutory body subject to the Commonwealth Authorities and Companies Act 1997 (CAC Act). This recognises the commercial focus of the new body and the need for it to operate flexibly in a commercial environment." The expenditure of tourist dollars by international visitors has the same economic effect for a country as selling products by export in international markets. Attracting international visitors is, therefore, encouraged by most countries around the world-especially by their governments and major tourist service providers such as airlines, hotel chains, major tourist attractions and tourist events. With increasing international travel, due to technological innovations in transportation and global communications, the competition for international tourists is increasing and, therefore, applying marketing principles and techniques to destinations has become a growing area of marketing practice. Of particular relevance to the international marketing of destinations are branding and promotion strategies, market segmentation, target marketing and positioning. Australia is a long-haul destination from many of the large tourist markets. ... ive skills and knowledge of four separate organisations: the Australian Tourist Commission; See Australia; the Bureau of Tourism Research and Tourism Forecasting Council. The main objectives of Tourism Australia under the Tourism Australia Act 2004 are to: Influence people to travel to Australia, including for events; Influence people travelling to Australia to also travel throughout Australia; Influence Australians to travel throughout Australia, including for events; Help foster a sustainable tourism industry in Australia; and Help increase the economic benefits to Australia from tourism. Tourism Australia is a statutory body subject to the Commonwealth Authorities and Companies Act 1997 (CAC Act). This recognises the commercial focus of the new body and the need for it to operate flexibly in a commercial environment." The expenditure of tourist dollars by international visitors has the same economic effect for a country as selling products by export in international markets. Attracting international visitors is, therefore, encouraged by most countries around the world-especially by their governments and major tourist service providers such as airlines, hotel chains, major tourist attractions and tourist events. With increasing international travel, due to technological innovations in transportation and global communications, the competition for international tourists is increasing and, therefore, applying marketing principles and techniques to destinations has become a growing area of marketing practice. Of particular relevance to the international marketing of destinations are branding and promotion strategies, market segmentation, target marketing and positioning. Australia is a long-haul destination from many of the large tourist markets. Therefore, the

Enterprise Development, Culture and Management Assignment

Enterprise Development, Culture and Management - Assignment Example An entrepreneur is a risk taker. He is a unique person in the society with skills that are crucial for championing change. On the other hand, any individual who works as his own boss is considered as an entrepreneur. Entrepreneurship is a term that is often used interchangeably with innovation. Innovation can be referred to as an intentional process of change aimed at creating value by targeting opportunity and in quest of advantage. Entrepreneurship emphasizes on the creation of new products and services, new production processes, new organisational structures and the invention of new markets. New entrepreneurial ideas are those that can be commercialized and should be able to contribute greatly to the development process of the entire society. Entrepreneurship plays a very crucial part in economic development process. Economic development is usually influenced to a great extent by entrepreneurial activities. Innovation propels the economic growth and development of any country. The level of economic performance relies hugely on the level of technology used by firms. Research and development, which is characteristic of entrepreneurship, provides a great thrust to technological advancements in companies and hence production efficiency. Neo-classical economics acknowledges that economic growth is as a result of enhancements to the basic factors of production such as labour and capital, which is the main objective of entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurship is characterised by competitive actions that spur market processes to success. The introduction of new activities in the market is essential for the development process of trade. Established firms as well as new entrants in the market develop new products that respond to the varyin g needs of consumers and thus contribute enormously to the development of the economy and betterment of the society (Wong et al 2005). Entrepreneurship and innovation are thus universal primary determinants of

Debates on Race and Language: Frantz Fanon

Debates on Race and Language: Frantz Fanon In no way should I dedicate myself to the revival of an unjustly unrecognised Negro civilisation Explain and assess this statement by Fanon at the end of Black Skin, White Masks Introduction We understand the world, ourselves, and other people through language (Foucault, 1977). For Foucault everything in life is determined by what he calls discourse, that is to say what we say about a subject. Thus, the language that we use defines how we see the world and how we view other people. Foucault (1977) further maintains that language is controlled by those who hold power in society. This means that everyone else’s use of language is determined by what those I power have to say about a subject. Nowadays many writers maintain that the social and linguistic construct of race has had a powerful effect on the consciousness of both black and white people. Language is real because it is inevitable acted upon (what Bordieu describes as a speech act) the language that spoke of one race as inferior to another became a justification for enslaving those people designated as inferior. Discourses of race and inferiority were central to the success of the modernist project as black p eople were seen as treacherous to the central narrative of Western personhood, that is to say they were different from what was elevated as the white norm (Fanon 1986). Frantz Fanon was a French essayist and author whose main concern was decolonisation and what he, and many other thinkers have seen as the psychopathology of colonialism. He died in 1961 at the age of 36 yet his work continues to be highly influential, particularly in the fields of cultural studies and race and ethnicity. He wrote most of his work while he lived in North Africa, by contrast, Black Skin, White Masks was written while he was still living in France. For many he is seen as the intellectual thinker on decolonisation in the twentieth century. His work has had far reaching implications over the years on a number of liberationist movements which has led some people to regard him as an advocate of violence.[1] Beginning with an introduction to modernity this assignment will discuss Fanon’s work and his statement in the context of this debate about language and the debate about black experience and black identities which, Gilroy (1993) maintains can only be understood in terms of the history of slavery. Fanon (1986) would however, dispute this notion, he believes that if it were at all possible, then colonialism should be done away with and wiped from the history books, even though he recognises that this is not possible. The period of colonialism where countries were made great on the backs of slavery separated white from black as though they were two completely different civilizations. The western world became that of the oppressor and the oppressed and Fanon sees the world in terms of this almost pathological relationship. Fanon’s work in Black Skin, White Masks (Fanon, 1986 ed.) encapsulates the sense of division that is felt by both oppressed and oppressors, black and white. Such divisions are rooted in the period that sociologists and cultural theorists now speak of as modernity. Modernity The onset of what is known as Modernity can be traced back to the Enlightenment in the late 17th to early 19th century. The Enlightenment was an intellectual movement and its primary concerns were the powers of human reason, the inevitability of human progress, and the ability of science to provide humanity with answers. Philosophers of this period were also interested in how knowledge was transmitted and how we came to know what we know. This period is renowned for the immense technological and social changes that were taking place and which eventually led to a break with traditional view of the social, of society, and of a person’s place within that society. During this period there was an intense concentration on the individual, which prompted the philosopher Hegel to develop his idea of the historical subject. This is the idea that people’s actions are what have made history what it is. In recent years many theorists have argued that the subject referred only to the white, western, middle class male (see Abbott and Wallace, 1997) and that women, children and other races were excluded from the whole project. This idea of modern society, coupled with the Enlightenment notion of human progress has been problematic for a number of reasons, not least because, as we are well aware, human beings do not always act rationally, and in this sense modernity brought out the darker side of our human nature. The events of the twentieth century have done nothing to dispel this notion, in fact there are those who would argue that modern society is now at its most irrational. Modernity gave the world the nation state, the spread of capitalism and as we shall see, western cultural imperialism and colonization. Modernity produced the conditions for slavery and its success was built upon the enslavement of people who were regarded as different from, and thus inferior to, white western males. Fanon’s Concerns Western history is not just a history of colonial oppression but it is also a history of the struggles against such oppression. Western history is about the oppression of colonialism and the struggles against that oppression, which calls into question Enlightenment notions of the subject. These problems are examined by Fanon in Black Skin, White Masks (1986) where he concentrates on black subjectivity and experience and with the problematic concept of western modernity. He was also concerned with the refutation of dualism, that philosophy apparent in the Enlightenment period which separated things into binary opposites such as male/female, white/black. Binary divisions not only separate genders and races, they objectify them because that which is other is defined only by the oppressor. Fanon’s other major concern was the dislocation that occurs when people are taken from their homelands and forced into a diasporic existence.[2] Fanon (1986) contends that the biggest weapon the coloniser’s had was their representation of those who were colonised, as different. This was done in such a way that they were no longer recognisable even to themselves. For Fanon being colonised estranges human beings from themselves so that they are no longer connected to their own human nature. He is concerned with the history as it is relates to the black experience although his work is sometimes disorganised and not always easy to follow. He writes about the black/white, self/other experience, and how colonialism results in an alienation of the person. Fanon, is against ethnic and cultural absolutism, but could see no reconciliation between the races because the white colonisers will always be waiting for the black mask to slip and reveal the whiteness beneath. Syncretism Gilroy (1993) traces the mutual influence of black and white culture in both America and Britain in an attempt to challenge notions of national and cultural purity and reveal a syncretism of the cultures. Decades before this and in his earlier work The Wretched of the Earth (1963) Fanon writes about syncretism as oppression where the black person assimilates the culture of the coloniser whether they like it or not. He maintains that such syncretism is the colonisers way or reducing black people and thus he speaks of the settler’s creation of the ‘native’ a concept which is evident in the discourses of modernity and its rational subject. This subject could only exist by excluding difference and otherness. Fanon (1986) maintains that the ‘Negro’ is only acceptable on certain terms: What is often called the black soul is a white man’s artefact . . . there is a quest for the Negro, the Negro is in demand, one cannot get along without him, he is needed, but only if he is made palatable in a certain way. (Fanon 1986, p. 114) In saying this Fanon rejects both narcissistic myths of Negritude (and) the White Cultural Supremacy (Bhabha, H. 1986:ix) which is most obvious in linguistic terms. This cultural supremacy still operates today, in most countries in the world children will learn English in school, when the English go abroad many of them do not trouble to learn the language of the country they are visiting. People assume that English will be spoken because cultural hegemony has its base in language and this language signifies power. Thus the language carries with it the power and knowledge of the nation. Hall (1992) argues that nationalism and the nation state are a direct result of capitalism. When people promote these things in a multi-cultural society it can result in people having a confused sense of national identity. Hall further maintains that identity and culture are closely linked. The cultural diaspora that was brought about by slavery has resulted in what Hall (1992) terms ‘hybrid identities’- an expression which in some ways is expressed in Fanon’s idea of black skin and white masks. Fanon (1986) argues that race has been objectified through discourses of superiority and inferiority and has thus become a fixed category which he decries. What these discourses have done is to make of the black person a divided self, a person with a ‘double consciousness.’ This is a term first used by W De Bois, who defined double consciousness as a twoness-an American, a Negro, two souls, two thoughts, two unrecognised strivings, two warring ideals in one da rk body, who dogged strength alone keeps it from being torn asunder (Dubois 2003 quoted in Sawyer, M 2005:86). This double consciousness is demonstrated in the relationships involved in slavery. Slavery was an integral part of this double consiousness of which Du Bois wrote because it consciousness was central to Hegel’s master/slave idea, where the slave remains a slave because they are dominated by a slave mentality. Following on from this line of thought was Richard Wright who believed that the Negro was a symbol in the psychological, social and political systems of the West. The Negro spoken of in modernist discourse was once an African, along with the experiences of slavery this led black people to experience a sense of dislocation where they experienced what the philosopher Nietzsche once described as a frog’s perspective because they looked up from beneath the chains of their oppressors (Wright, 1956). The frog’s perspective lay behind Wright’s understanding of double consciousness. Wright’s work had a strong influence on the writings of Frantz Fanon. In Fanon’s work this‘double consciousness’ or divided self is not restricted to the colonised, Fanon maintains that it is also a property of the coloniser because colonialism affects the self-understanding of both the oppressed and their oppresors. In this he demonstrates the influence that Wright (1956) had on his work because Wright thought that mental illness could result from the relationship between master and slave, between the oppressed and the oppressor. Fanon believed that racial subjectivity was determined from outside of the individual and so he sees neither a unitary black experience nor a unitary white experience. Fanon sees experience as contextual rather than historical, that is to say that the experience of the black person who remained in Africa would be very different from the black person who was made a slave – white experience is affected in a similar way. Thus Fanon says that I do not have the right to allow myself to be mired in what the past has determined. I am not the slave of the slavery that dehumanised my ancestors (Fanon, 1986:230). Conclusion When Fanon says at the end of Black Skin, White Masks that In no way should I dedicate myself to the revival of an unjustly unrecognised Negro civilisation. He is arguing against the objectification of race and the language of inferiority and superiority that are associated with the term ‘negro’. His life’s work was dedicated to decolonisation of those areas that were still part of what had been called the British Empire. The negro was a function of the coloniser’s differentiation of the slave from the white owner. Thus Fanon’s statement acts as a repudiation fo slavery and colonisation. Furthermore Fanon’s argument is important to cultural analysis and to society at large. Talking about a separate negro civilization puts us in the position of being stuck in the binary categories of a black/white cultural analysis that is the heritage of modernity and its failures. What Fanon (1986) appears to be saying is that society and its analysis needs t o go beyond ideas of nationalism and ethnic absolutism – because these things paved the way for colonialism and slavery. Fanon (1986) recognises that we have to live with the inheritance of colonialism and that things are not changed overnight. If we dispense with many of its ideas as Fanon appears to suggest then this raises the question of how we analyse race, nationalism, gender and ethnicity without the use of those categories? We have to have some way of speaking about the things that trouble our society and the best ways of dealing with them. Whatever we choose to say or feel about this as individuals the fact of the matter is that these categories are part of our consciousness and so are integral to our discourses on these subjects. Having said that, things are perhaps only this way because those who are not white, western, middle class males, will always be other – because most of the power in the world is in the hands of this group their definitions of concepts still holds. Bibliography Abbott and Wallace 1997 A Feminist Introduction to Sociology London, Routledge. Bhabha, H. 1986 â€Å"Foreward† in Fanon, F. 1986 (1967) Black Skin, White Masks London, Pluto Press Bourdieu, P. 1991 .Language and Symbolic Power. Cambridge, MA : Harvard University Press. Fanon, F 1963 The Wretched of the Earth New York: Grove Press Fanon, F. 1986 (1967) Black Skin, White Masks London, Pluto Press Foucault, M. 1977 Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison London, Allen Lane Gilroy, P 1993 The Black Atlantic London, Verso Hall, S. 1992 â€Å"Our Mongrel Selves† New Statesman and Society, 19th June 1992 Sawyer, M 2005 â€Å"DuBois’ double consciousness versus Latin American exceptionalism: Joe Wright, R 1956 The Colour Curtain Dobson. London . Wright, R. 1979 Native Son Harmondsworth, Penguin 1 [1] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frantz_Fanon#Work [2] The spread of groups of people (often against their wishes, and specifically black people and Jews) across different parts of the globe.

Sri lanka agriculture development and rural economy

Dependency theory was really popular during 1960s and 1970s as a direct challenge to the free market theory which was popular during the post-war season. The theory was formulated in 1950s and it is drawn on Marxian analysis of planetary economic system. The theory explains the relationship between economically developed states ( Advanced states ) and developing states of the universe. Harmonizing to the theory, the developed states consider as the nucleus of the system and the developing states as the fringe of the system. When the system is working, resources flow from fringe developing states to the developed nucleus states. It is a cardinal contention of dependence theory that hapless provinces are impoverished and rich 1s enriched by the manner hapless provinces are integrated into the â€Å" universe system. † The dependence theory is applicable to most of the developing states in the universe except few illustrations like India and Taiwan. Harmonizing to my cognition the theory is applicable to all most all states in the south Asia including Sri Lanka. Sri Lanka was besides colonized by British Empire during 1815 – 1948 where it made a terrible harm to the Local civilization, Social life, independence every bit good as Economy. Even though the state has been ruled by local leaders from 1948, United Kingdom and other developed states have been created negative consequence on the development of the state. However, presently Sri Lanka is in a right tract toward the development, where the service sector and the fabrication sector shows a fast growing while the Agriculture sector shows a relatively slow growing. Tourism and other service subsectors have been well contributed to the economic system of the state. However the economic system of the state was opened to the universe market in 1977 and the state has been experienced both positive and negative impacts on the development positions. On the one manus most of the local baby industries were collapsed during the period as a negative consequence of the unfastened economic system. On the other manus most of the international investors and multinational carbon monoxide operations came to the state with their new engineerings which was utile to look in the universe market as a bring forthing state. Most of the developing states specially in south Asiatic states, including Sri Lanka have been depend on the IMF, World Bank, ADB and other multinational carbon monoxide operations to carry through their budget shortage through loans or grants under legion regulations and ordinances which severely consequence on the internal development. As consequence of that influence, most of those regional leaders every bit good as people of those states have a dependence outlook which was identified as the major constrain for the development. However, Sri Lanka was able to come in the in-between income state degree and presently the dependence outlook remains merely in some portion of rural countries of the state. In that scenario, Sri Lanka is no longer stray state in the universe, but still in the disadvantaged and developing side which needs particular protection and nutriment for local baby industries to protect them from the international competition. Consequently, Sri Lanka has to utilize different theoretical account which can pull strings the international competition within the state while absorbing the maximal public-service corporation form the international market. Harmonizing to my cognition and experience no any pure theory will helpful to utilize as it is for development in any state. Therefore, the state must hold their ain manner for development which has to critically see their ain resources and restrictions. â€Å" Poor but efficient Agriculture usage of developing state Traditional system † proposed by T.W. Schultz. This is one of a theory which tries to explicate the efficient usage of limited resources by hapless or developing husbandmans in developing states. The theory was foremost found in the T.W. Schultz ‘s book of Transforming Traditional Agriculture which was published in 1960s and the theory was really popular during that period. During 1950s and 1960s, Most of the economic experts and Policy shapers believed that the productiveness of Agriculture sector in developing states as really low. Therefore they argued that the fringy productiveness of the labor in those states as nothing. Hence those agribusiness labors could be transferred from the agribusiness sector to the industrialisation sector without holding any harm to the agribusiness sector. Therefore, it was besides widely accepted that husbandmans in developing states were guided by tradition or civilization. On the other manus they are non responded to the economic inducements. But Schultz argued that the husbandmans in developing states have really limited resources but most of the husbandmans use that limited resources expeditiously. However those husbandmans are hapless because of the other assorted grounds like cultural features such as deficiency of a work moral principle, deficiency of an apprehension of the thought of salvaging, or general ignorance of how to do best usage of their resources. Schultz argued that low income degrees in developing states agribusiness are a consequence of the low productiveness of the available factors of production, but non inefficiencies in their resource allotment. Subsequently, most of the researches have been conducted and accordingly the theory was through empirical observation proved utilizing the research conducted in several developing states. In Sri Lanka, there are plentifulness of little graduated table husbandmans who live under the poorness line but they use their limited resources expeditiously for their harvest cultivation. Water and fertiliser is the most scare resources in the dry zone of Sri Lankan husbandmans. They use particular agriculture pattern which is called as â€Å" Chena cultivation † . Even though that agriculture pattern is non recommended by most of the agriculturalist in the state, Chena cultivation is one of the largely adoptable patterns to utilize H2O and fertiliser. In this method husbandmans ever use new piece of land and they move to new a land in the following season. Farmers use all the vegetive parts as green manure and fire all the difficult parts of workss and mix with dirt as fertilisers. That organic manure covers all the alimentary demand of the new harvests. Farmers cultivate drought immune harvest varsities and cultivate as a mix harvest form. The system lowers the hazard of plague and disease incidence and good as maximise the use of wet. Farmers normally use household labors and utilize some excess labor merely in peak seasons. However, most of those husbandmans are hapless and the life base is besides low. There are many grounds behind the narrative and some of them are low salvaging rate, hapless cost direction, selling jobs, low substructure etc. In that sense, even today, the theory is applicable in most of the developing states and it is utile to understand their agriculture manner, populating manner of the husbandmans. On the other manus, it is utile to propose them to rectify their failings.

Crooks and Curley’s wife experience loneliness and isolation Essay

In this essay I intend to write about why Crooks and Curley’s wife experience loneliness and isolation and in what way they try to deal with these difficulties. Crooks is a nergro stable buck with a crooked spine. His eyes are described as the most noticeable feature on his face, brimming with knowledge of the injustice in life. ‘ His eyes lay deep in his head, and because of their depth seemed to glitter with intensity.’ He is also slim with a lean face, en-lined with wrinkles. His lips are also described vividly as very thin and pain-tightened. He covers up his intense eyes with large gold rimmed spectacles. Curley’s wife is, of course a complete contrast, and is extremely pretty, thought sometimes try too hard. ‘She had full, rouged lips and wide-spade eyes, heavily made up.’ She has done her nails carefully which doesn’t seem very suitable for life on a ranch. Her voice is another thing that is commented on, as have a nasal, brittle quality. Crook’s personality is somewhat of a mystery. His real personality is hidden by the racism of the time. He is hurt and shocked by people’s opinions towards him and so he feels the only way to get through life is to push back the same disgust to the other mean on the ranch. ‘This here’s my room. Nobody got any right in here by me†¦I ain’t wanted in the bunk-house, and you ain’t wanted in my room. Crooks doesn’t see that all his is really doing is stopping to their level thought, he just continues to treat others in the way he has been treated, and if he has a choice he just stays away from them. His personality would have developed differently if he had been born white, because his true colours are stunted by the racism against him. He teases Lennie, and takes pleasure in it, as though at last he is being able to do to someone else what has been done to him for his whole life, ‘ Crooks face lights with pleasure in his torture.’ The basic word to describe the personality of Curley’s wife is a flirt, although as we get to know more and more about her we discover that this is not completely true. In this essay I will try to explain why she behaves like this, and whether in fact she behaves like this just for attention and is concealing something. The personality of these characters is perhaps one of the keys to the book. However different these character are they are linked through their loneliness and the fact they conceal their true personality. The are both considered quite low on the ‘social scale’ but deal with this in very different ways as I will explain. As I have said, Crooks is bitter about being made to live along above the stable. He expresses this bitterness, and tires to explain to Lennie how loneliness is so disturbed that it drives you mad † I’ll tell you a get guys too lonely and he gets sick†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.don’t make no difference who the guy is, long’s he’s with you.† It must be a relief for Crooks to be able to share some of his problems with someone, and he must find it especially east with Lennie who probably will not understand, and will forget what he hears quickly. He is the only one who understands Lennie, besides George, and befriends him. He looks past Lennie’s mental handicap and Lennie looks past Crooks’ physical handicap. Curley’s wife also finds it easy to talk to Curley. She is so overwhelmed by her loneliness, she seeks friendship from other men. She seeks out the friendship of Lennie for all of the others fear Curley and will have nothing to do with her. â€Å"Think I don’t like to talk to somebody ever’ once in a while?† It is when she talks to Lennie that we discover a great deal about her past. She tells Lennie that she still dreams of what might have been, seeing herself as a potential film-star. However, in my opinion she has no acting talent, men (one from a travelling show, one who claimed to be in the movies) make her offers as a chat-up line. Her naivetà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ shows in her belief that her mother has stolen a letter (from her â€Å"contact† in Hollywood) which was obviously never written; her immaturity appears in her instant reaction of marrying the loathsome Curley. It was a hasty marriage to Curley is just a failed attempt to escape from her own s piral of loneliness. When she chose to marry Curley it was all because of the wrong reasons and only to get away from her mother, one person who genuinely cared for her, † Well I wasn’t going to stay no place where I couldn’t get nowhere.† Now she find herself very line and she has no-one to talk to, † I don’ like Curley.’ Desperate for companionship she does not find at home, she tries to find solace with the other men. They are uneasy about this, as they think her to be seriously promiscuous, and are fearful of Curley’s reaction. Her inappropriate dress on the ranch and her manner brand her as a â€Å"tart†. She can not escape from this image and so she uses it so that she is noticed and can talk to people. Although in my opinion instead of being the mature and flirtatious female that the men see, she is in fact like a little girl yearning for her home. She even talks to people who she considers to be ‘out of her league,’ but in a way this makes her a more tragic character, because unlike the others, even Lennie, she seems not to understand her limitations – or she refuses to admit them. She treats those below her in an unnecessarily disdainful way. There is one point in the book when Curley’s wife goes into Crook’s room. Crook, as I have said, pretends that he wishes no one to come into his room seeing as he isn’t allowed in the bunk house. However, when Lennie and then Candy come in we can tell that he was actually very pleased, â€Å"It was difficult for Crooks to conceal his pleasure with anger.† Candy and Crooks reacts to Curley’s wife primarily disgusted. On their faces they scowl at her and appear to wish that she wasn’t there. However as Curley’s wife points out it is doubtful whether they really feel this, for they would not doubt have acted very different if they were alone, â€Å"If I catch one man alone, I get along fine with him. But just le two guys get together and you just wont talk†¦you’re all scared of each other. Curley’s wife is very rude to Crooks and says, † I’m standing here talking to a nigger.† I think her reaction is like this because she feels very powerful to be talking to someone as sad and lonely as herself, but who is looked down upon by others. She likes to use this rare power and so when Crooks finally cracks and stands up to her she does everything with her capable possibility to make him feel small and unnecessary. â€Å"Listen, Nigger,’ she said. ‘ You know what I can do to you if you open your trap?’ This immediately makes Crooks turn into a no one. Every trace of a personality disappears, and he just answers in a monotonous voice. After she leave Candy says,’ That bitch didn’t ought to of said that to you.’ And Crooks replies by saying ,’ It wasn’t nothing, you guys coming in an’ setting made me forget.’ Crooks obviously was so happy by having the company of some men that he forgets his place (in those times) and stood up to her. He then realised what he had done and remembered how he should have behaved. For that one small part of the story we saw the real Crooks, the one who is not concerned with racism, because for that very small amount of time he believe himself to be normal. Curley’s wife though doesn’t have a very suprising reaction to Candy (the old-swamper) and Crooks. I believe that she is angry because she just realised how messy her life is. She tries to stay calm and talk to them as thought they are beneath her, but all the time she realises that she is just as sad and lonely as them. She sees that they are the only people she can have a proper conversation with are, as she describes them ‘ a nigger, an’ a dum-dum and a lousy ol’ sheep.† At one point in the conversation she says, † Whatt ya think I am, a kid?† and then she continues to talk about how she was nearly in the pictures. Of course, she is just a kid, who doesn’t understand herself. He also wants to be part of George and Lennie’s dream. He said that he would work for free. He gives up on the farm dream when he realizes it isn’t going to work out. Talk about this. Also say that crooks was nasty to lennie then nice. I would describe Curley’s wife as a sympathetic figure. There is a very strong description towards the end of the book, just as she has been killed by Lennie, † And the meanness and the planning and the discontented and the ache for attention were all gone from her face. She was very pretty and simple, and her face was sweet and young. Curley’s wife has had a very unfortunate life. She made some wrong decisions and has been punished for them, by dying unhappy at such as young age. To all the other people on the ranch she is only important because she is the wife of Curley, and that explains why she is given no other name. They are scared of getting involved with her because of what Curley might do to them. No-one is ever actually interesting in her. I feel sorry for her that someone who has the potential to be so sweet and calm has lives such as sad life and has died before anyone knows her true colours. Crook, like Curley’s wife has had a sad life for the later part of his life at least. Nothing will ever get better for him, because of his colour. The war Steinbeck talks about him is very controversial nowadays and would not be accepted. At the time that this book was written this language would have been more in use and so perhaps it would have been more acceptable, meaning that Steinbeck was not ware of its full impact. The fact that he portrays crooks as a unhappy and meaningful character must indicate that the author believes racism to be unfair, or else he would have been portrayed as evil, someone deserving what he got. Many upon reading this book may believe that the key issue is George and Lennie, but in fact this novel raises many questions about discrimination and loneliness.

Differences Between Mesopotamia And Egypt - 1337 Words

Although Mesopotamia and Egypt are similar in many ways, they also have many differences. This essay will point out the differences and similarities of how these civilizations were governed, how the geography affected the people of these civilizations and the outlook these people had. Geography helped to define both Mesopotamia and Egypt, but Egypt, without a doubt had an easier lifestyle and definitely not as difficult as Mesopotamia. Egypt was mostly cut off from the entire world by the environment on all sides and was safe and calm for many years. As a result of this they developed much differently politically, religiously, and socially compared to Mesopotamia. The geography of Mesopotamia affected the people in many ways. The people started their cities on the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. They did this, most likely because farming was only possible with good irrigation. Also because the rivers had a good supply of fish. However, even though the rivers provided all of this, they caused a great amount of destruction and death with unpredictable floods. The geography of Egypt affected the people their much differently. The Nile river was very fertile and easy to farm because the Nile flooded very predictably, unlike the rivers of Mesopotamia. The Nile made it easy to travel up and down the river, making it easier for Egypt to unite, much different from Mesopotamia. Egypt was also very isolated due to the deserts surrounding them. These characteristics resulted inShow MoreRelatedSimilarities And Differences Between Ancient Egypt And Mesopotamia1125 Words   |  5 Pagesago there existed two main civilizations: Mesopotamia, between the Tigris and the Euphrates rivers, and Ancient Egypt along the Nile. Even though Ancient Mesopotamia and Ancient Egypt were both advanced civilizations they had many differences such as their government, religion, as well as their trade and society. Mesopotamian culture thought negatively about its gods, and had conflict, cultural diffusion, and a decentralized government while Ancient Egypt thought high ly of its gods, had a centralizedRead MoreCompare and COntarst1518 Words   |  7 Pages Egypt and Mesopotamia have both similarities and differences, throughout both of these civilizations from back to 3,500 B.C. The political and social structures in these civilizations were different and the same in their own way. The political differences between Egypt and Mesopotamia included hierarchy power, land control, and centralized government. The similarities between both civilizations are social class, male patriarchy, and kings. Egypt and Mesopotamia both had differences of their politicalRead MoreEgypt Mesopotamia Comparison961 Words   |  4 PagesEgypt and Mesopotamia Comparison In order to completely understand the relationship between two events, comparing and contrasting is necessary. Through comparing similarities and differences it is easier to analyze why things developed and occurred the way they did. For example, in comparing Egypt and Mesopotamia it will be easier to achieve understanding of major aspects of their culture, the way other cultures impacted them, and their influence on the future. InRead MoreEssay on Compare and Contrast Egypt and Mesopotamia901 Words   |  4 PagesEgypt developed around the Nile River, while Mesopotamia developed between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. Egypt and Mesopotamia grew into complex civilizations. Politically, both Egypt and Mesopotamia had a government with one main ruler, but Egypt had a centralized government with a pharaoh, while Mesopotamia had a decentralized government with a king. Socially, both civilizations were patriarchal, but Egypt was more lenient towards women while Mesopotamia was stric ter. The political and socialRead MoreSimilarities Between Ancient Egypt And Mesopotamia951 Words   |  4 PagesAncient Egypt and Mesopotamia. However, because of the different geography, exposure to outside invasion, influence, and beliefs, Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia came to not only contrast in political and social structures but also share similarities in them as well. When it came to the development of Ancient Egyptian and Mesopotamian civilizations politics played a prominent role in structuring the very foundation of each respective civilization. For instance, when it came to Ancient Egypt there existedRead MoreEgypt And Mesopotamia Similarities751 Words   |  4 Pages Mesopotamia and Egypt were both part of the creation of the worlds first civilizations. These countries shared many similarities and differences within their society, political structure, and their religions. Mesopotamian and Egypt both flourished near rivers in which enabled them to become an agricultural enriched society. While both civilizations had the advantage of the rivers, Egypt did not have the fertile hinterland that allowed Mesopotamia to excel in agriculture. Through a political standpointRead MoreSimilarities Between Ancient Mesopotamia And Egypt1101 Words   |  5 PagesCultural Differences and Similarities While describing the cultural among the people of Mesopotamia and Egypt, I learned the differences and similarities in culture. The birth of Mesopotamian Civilization began in c. 3000 B.C.E., in the valleys of the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers of Southwest Asia. Mesopotamia is a Greek word and it means ‘between the rivers.’ In contrast, the birth of Egyptian Civilization began in c. 3100 B.C.E., in a valley of the Nile River in Northeastern Africa. Egypt is a GreekRead MoreA Comparison of Ancient Egyptian and Mesopotamian Societies701 Words   |  3 PagesAlthough Egypt and Mesopotamia were both early agricultural societies built upon the water provided by the major rivers which sustained them, they exhibited important differences as a consequence of the different physical environments in which they developed. In this paper I will first focus on what I consider to be the major aspects of these differences in environment and then explore the consequences of these differen ces in their religious beliefs, political organization and commercial practicesRead MoreThe Rise Of Civilizations On Egypt And Mesopotamia1530 Words   |  7 PagesThe rise of civilizations in Egypt and Mesopotamia occurred around the same time and the environment and natural forces affected the similarities and differences in social, political, and economic stability. There were many similarities and differences between both of these countries as well. In both cases, it was the river valley and geography that affected the agriculture, religious views, and government structures. The Mesopotamian and Egyptian civilization developed in the Middle East and wereRead MoreAncient Empires1235 Words   |  5 Pagesstarted out at the same time and evolved into empires of great similarities, yet compelling differences lie between them. The two countries represent societies beginnings with their impressive work and there astonishing achievements with such little technology at their disposal,  nevertheless brilliant minds found ways to design massive buildings and a new form of language at their time. Mesopotamia and Egypt show there similarities in the aspects of economic, political, and social elements with amazing